The historical province

The historical province of Kermanshah , like other parts of our ancient country, has preserved traces of Iran’s glory and greatness in its mountains and wide plains. Unlike other parts of Iran that have been inhabited intermittently.

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This province has been continuously inhabited in different periods of history, archaeological evidences show that this area was one of the first habitats of early humans and it was considered one of the important population centers in the Middle Zagros. All stages and periods of human life, from the Stone Age to prehistoric civilizations and then to the formation of great governments, have evolved in this area. So that Shikarchian Biston cave sheds light on interesting points about the history of human life in the Paleolithic era in Iran.

After this period, about 9 thousand years ago, due to the warming of the air, humans left the cave and began to settle down, which led to agriculture and animal husbandry, and as a result, rural settlement, which undoubtedly formed the first villages in this province. Among them, we can mention Ganj Dareh Harsin, Gakieh and Tepe Sarab. The prehistoric humans of Ganj Dareh are among the first humans who invented pottery and turned to industrial activities in Iran.

In the 4th millennium BC, Kermanshah province was one of the important trade centers and its merchants used to trade and exchange goods with Shushi and Mesopotamia merchants. The presence of markets in Godin Kangavar and Chaghagawane Islamabad from that period is a proof of this claim.

Based on the Babylonian and Assyrian inscriptions, the inhabitants of Zagros were Lulubi and Goti peoples. In order to protect this region, these hard-working and brave people have been in regular wars with the Mesopotamians, and they have achieved significant victories in this matter, and since then, the Zagros valleys have been the center of Iranian and Mesopotamian civilizations and governments for centuries. Finally, the Iranian element of its civilization prevailed over this system. The presence of reliefs of these tribes in Sarpol Zahab, which is considered one of the oldest reliefs in the Middle East, shows this.

The region of Kermanshah , due to its proximity to the Assyrian government, was constantly under attack by the powerful Assyrian government, and kings such as Tiklat Plaiser, Shalmaneser III, have repeatedly marched into the territory of Kermanshah. In the inscriptions left by the Assyrians from the lands of Parsava, Zakruti, the Madis and the land Nishani has been mentioned, Nishani is a land that was referred to around Kermanshah and present-day Mahidasht and was famous for breeding and keeping horses due to its famous pastures. In the Assyrian annals, a city named Elipi is mentioned, which historians have identified between Kermanshah and Hamadan, and some other historians have introduced it in the current location of Kermanshah.

With the formation of governments, this region is also considered one of the material centers, and valuable monuments such as the Godin fortress in Kangavar remain from this period. During this period, Kermanshah was one of the vital highways of Iran and the road from Ekbatan to Babylon passed through this province.

During the Achaemenid period, the prosperity of this region was increased by the passage of the royal road, one of which connected Akbatan to Babylon. After the extinction of the Achaemenids, during the Seleucid period, areas of Kermanshah, such as Biston and Dinur, were the location of Greek colonies, but it wasn’t long before the Parthians defeated them and appeared in this area. Parthian reliefs in Biston show this. In this period, Bistoun was considered one of the most important centers of the Parthian period.

The province of Kermanshah enjoyed more prestige and prosperity during the Sassanid period than any other period. This area has always been the focus of the Sassanid princes, and due to its proximity to their capital, Tisphon, they spent their summers here in summer palaces. In the news of Islamic historians, it has been repeatedly mentioned that Khosrow I had built a palace in the area of ​​Taq Bostan, where he entertained the greats of China beyond India, the Caesars of Rome and other rulers of the time.

With the construction of cities such as Helwan on this side and the urban planning policy of the Sassanid kings in the west of the country, which led to the foundation of the city of Kermanshah. This domain gained more prestige and the Sassanid kings brought prosperity and economic prosperity to the people of this country by building bridges over rivers and public buildings.

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